from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary - 10th Ed
Latin Phrase		Literally	Translation   [Ref]
A fortiori	adj. & adv.	from the stronger	For a stronger reason; all the more.
A posteriori	adj. & adv.	from the latter	inductive; relating to or derived by reasoning from observed facts.
A priori	adj. & adv.	from the former	deductive; relating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions; presupposed by experience; being without examination or analysis; presumptive; formed or conceived beforehand.
Ad hominem	adj.	to the man	appealing to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect; marked by an attack on an opponent's character rather than by an answer to the contentions made.
Ad infinitum	adv. or adj.	to the infinite	without end or limit.
Ad nauseam	adv.	to sea-sickness	to a sickening or excessive degree.
Camera obscura	n.	dark chamber	a darkened enclosure having an aperture usu. provided with a lens through which light from external objects enters to form an image of the objects on the opposite surface.
Carpe diem	n.	pluck the day	the enjoyment of the pleasures of the moment without concern for the future.
Casus belli	n., sing. & pl.	occasion of war	an event or action that justifies or allegedly justifies a war or conflict.
Caveat	n.	let him beware	a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices; an explanation to prevent misinterpretation; a legal warning to a judicial officer to suspend a proceeding until the opposition has a hearing.
De facto	adv.	from the fact	in reality; actually.
De jure	adv.	concerning the law	by right; of right.
Dictum	n.	a thing said	pl. dicta, also dictums; a noteworthy statement: as A: a formal pronouncement of a principle, proposition, or opinion B: an observation intended or regarded as authoritative; a judicial opinion on a point other than the precise issue involved in determining a case.
Et alii		and others	and others; abbreviated as et al.
Et cetera		and the rest	and others esp. of the same kind: and so forth; abbreviated as etc.
Ex parte	adv. or adj.	from part	on or from one side or party only--used of legal proceedings; from a one-sided or partisan point of view.
Floruit	n.	he flourished	a period of flourishing (as of a person or movement).
Habitat	n.	it inhabits	the place or environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows; the typical place of residence of a person or a group; a housing for a controlled physical environment in which people can live under surrounding inhospitable conditions (as under the sea; the place where something is commonly found).
In camera	adv.	in a chamber	in private: secretly.
In loco parentis	adv.	in place of a parent	in the place of a parent. n. regulation or supervision by an administrative body (as at a university) acting in loco parentis.
In medias res	adv.	into the midst of things	in or into the middle of a narrative or plot.
Ipse dixit	n.	he himself said it	an assertion made but not proved.
Ipso facto	adv.	by the fact itself	by that very fact or act; as an inevitable result.
Lingua franca	n.	Frankish language	pl. lingua francas or linguae francae; a common language consisting of Italian mixed with French, Spanish, Greek, and Arabic that was formerly spoken in Mediterranean ports; any of various languages used as common or commercial tongues among peoples of diverse speech; something resembling a common language.
Magna cum laude	adv or adj	with great praise	with great distinction   <graduated magna cum laude>.
Magnum opus	n.	a great work	a great work, esp: the greatest achievement of an artist or writer.
Memento	n.,	remember!, to remember, imperative of meminisse	pl. -tos or -toes; something that serves to warn or remind.
Memento mori	n.	remember that you must die	a reminder of mortality; esp: death's-head.
Mirabile visu		wonderful to see	wonderful to behold.
Mirabile dictu		wonderful to say	wonderful to relate.
Ne plus ultra	n.	(go) no more beyond	the highest point capable of being attained: acme; the most profound degree of a quality or state.
Noli me tangere	n.	do not touch me;	a warning against touching or interference. [fr. Jesus' words to Mary Magdalene (Jn 20:17)]
Nolo contendere	n.	I do not wish to contend	a plea in a criminal prosecution that without admitting guilt subjects the defendant to conviction but does not preclude denying the truth of the charges in a collateral proceeding.
Non sequitur	n.	it does not follow	an inference that does not follow from the premises; specif: a fallacy resulting from a simple conversion of a universal affirmative proposition or from the transposition of a condition and its consequent; a statement (as a response) that does not follow logically from anything previously said.
Nota bene		mark well	used to call attention to something important.
Pax	n.		esp, cap: a period of general stability in international affairs under the influence of a dominant military power --usu. used in combination with a latinized name (Pax Americana, Pax Brittanica, Pax Romana).
Per capita	adv. or adj.	by heads	equally to each individual; per unit of population: by or for each person   <the highest income per capita of any state in the union>.
Per diem	adv.	by the day	by the day; for each day; adj. based on use or service by the day: daily; paid by the day; n. pl. per diems a daily allowance; a daily fee.
Persona grata	adj.	a pleasing person	personally acceptable or welcome.
Persona non grata	adj.	a not-pleasing person	personally unacceptable or unwelcome.
Post mortem		after death	adj. occuring or done after death; pertaining to a post-mortem examination; n. a post-mortem examination, esp. an autopsy.
Post partum		after birth	adj. of or occuring in the period shortly after childbirth.
Prima facie	adv.	at first appearance	at first view: on the first appearance; adj. true, valid, or sufficient at first impression: apparent   <the theory ... gives a prima facie solution --R. J. Butler>; self-evident; legally sufficient to establish a fact or a case unless disproved   <prima facie evidence>.
Pro forma	adj	for form	made or carried out in a perfunctory manner or as a formality; provided in advance to prescribe form or describe items   <pro forma invoice>.
Quod erat demonstrandum		which had to be shown	which was to be proved.
Rara avis	n.	rare bird	pl. rara avises or rarae aves; rarity.
Res ipsa loquitur		the affair itself speaks	the affair speaks for itself.
RIP		Requiescat In Pace	abbreviation, may HE rest in peace, may SHE rest in peace; requiescant in pace = may THEY rest in peace.
Sine die	adv.	without a day	without any future date being designated (as for resumption): indefinitely   <the meeting adjourned sine die>.
Sine qua non	n.	without which not	pl. sine qua nons; also sine quibus non; something absolutely indispensable or essential.
Sui generis	adj.	of its own kind	constituting a class alone: unique, peculiar.
Summa cum laude	adv. or adj.	with highest praise	with highest distinction   <graduated summa cum laude> --compare cum laude, magna cum laude.
Tabula rasa	n.	smoothed or erased tablet	pl. tabulae rasae; the mind in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state before receiving outside impressions; something existing in its original pristine state.